Rurikovich, Romanovs and the history of Rus.
Why Rurik became king of Rusland (Gardariki, Slovenia)
Russians, Slavs and Slovenes
PVL:
In the summer of 6370. And driving the Varangians across the sea, and not giving them tribute, and more often in their own hands. And there would be no truth in them, and there would be a clan against a clan, and there were strife in them, and fight for yourself more often. And rkosha: "Let's look for a prince in ourselves, someone who would rule us and row in a row, by right." Idosha across the sea to the Varangian, to Rus. Sitse bo call you Varangians Rus, as if these friends are called Svee, the friends are Urmani, Angliane, Ini and Goth, tacos and si .
PRAVDA ROSKA
If you can kill you, then take revenge on your brother's brother, or the sons of your father, or your father's son, or your brother's son, or your sister's sons; if you don’t bow down who takes revenge, then 40 hryvnia per head; else boudet rouxin, any gridin, any coupchin, any yabetnik, any swordsman, or outcasts bowde, Any Slovenian, then put 40 hryvnia per n.
Nazarenko V. A. Burial ground in Plakun tract
An interesting picture is presented to us by an agreement concluded under Igor in 944. Here the ambassadors represent a number of Russian princes, at least almost half of whom are relatives of the Kievan prince's family. But this family in the anthroponymic, "nominal" relation is very interesting. Let's consider this aspect in more detail, especially since the "lateral" the relatives of Rurik and Igor did not save the chronicles.
So, the ambassadors represent: Prince Igor himself, his son Svyatoslav, Princess Olga (Igor's wife and Svyatoslav's mother), Igor's nephew, apparently from his sister — also Igor (the word “netii” was used to denote such a relationship in the Old Russian language), a certain Volodislav, a certain Peredslava, a certain Sfandra, Uleb’s wife, certain Turd, Fast and Sfirka, and, finally, another nephew of Igor — Akuna. Since Akun is named Igor's nephew, one can think that the persons named before him — also relatives of the princely family. The fact that this list is compiled in accordance with some seniority (or other order of description) is obvious. The treaty then lists thirteen more ambassadors. It is not clear who these people are, but it has been suggested that they are either representatives of the princely family (since if they were representatives of the retinue elite, then one would expect ambassadors from Sveneld and Asmud, the two persons closest to the princely family, which is not in the contract ), or representatives of "any prince" (tribal rulers subject to Kyiv), on whose behalf this agreement was also concluded (although, perhaps, this is just an etiquette formula that should not be taken literally). Be that as it may, the first 11 people represented by the ambassadors were relatives of Igor and, accordingly, Rurik.
the prince did not include anyone else.
In other words, Svyatoslav had neither brothers nor a wife, because the fourth is Prince Igor's nephew, that is, Svyatoslav's cousin, and this is a completely different "degree"; kinship. All the rest, starting with Igor the nephew and ending with Akun, — these are more distant relatives, the families of the nephews of the Kyiv prince. One can think that these nephews came from Igor's sisters, and not from brothers, and the sisters themselves were no longer alive by that time (or they were not represented by ambassadors). Since The Tale of Bygone Years reports that Igor remained a minor after the death of Rurik (we will talk about the kinship of Igor and Rurik ahead), then, probably, Igor's sisters were older than him. In any case, the fourth named Igor «younger» was the eldest nephew of the Kyiv prince. Further, the agreement mentions the Slavic names — Volodislav and Peredslava. It is significant that the son of Igor and Olga, Svyatoslav, also has a Slavic name (the names of his parents are derived from the Scandinavian names Ingvarr and Helga). It has been repeatedly noted that this fact clearly testifies to the rather rapid assimilation of the Varangian dynasty in origin in the Slavic environment. The appearance of this name was a "turning point"; in the history of the names of the princely dynasty: “The fact that the son of Igor — representative of the third generation of the Vikings — called a Slavic name, definitely shows that the countdown of the history of the clan on starts over again. Ancestral perspectives are finally connected with the new homeland, although Scandinavian ties are not only not completely lost, but can be renewed from time to time through dynastic marriages. The princely anthroponymicon is gradually becoming more and more Slavic, however, a number of Varangian names (such as Igor, Oleg, Gleb, Rogovolod) are firmly included in the Russian name book, and these names are more and more perceived with each generation as traditional, generic, and not foreign cultural… The names of the previous generation, the ancestors of Rurik himself, who did not have power rights here, are not preserved in tradition and are not recorded in the annals — the genus, as it were, is losing its Scandinavian prehistory right before our eyes. .
The Slavic names of Igor's relatives are just as indicative. The similarity of their forms speaks best of all about tribal unity. They all have the same second part — the basis "-Slav", which has become so popular among the Rurikovich. In what relationship are Volodislav and Peredslava with Igor and Svyatoslav? Judging by the order in which the family members of Igor «senior» — first the father, then the son and then the mother, the same order can be assumed in relation to the family of Igor "nephew". If so, then Volodislav could be the son of this Igor, and Peredslava, respectively, Igor's wife and Volodislav's mother. In other words, Volodislav was a cousin of Svyatoslav and a second cousin of his future son Vladimir (Volodimir). The coincidence of the initial foundations of these names is very significant. If Peredslava was the wife of the younger Igor, then, judging by her name, she was a Slav. Hence the Slavic name of their supposed son Volodislav. So the Scandinavian dynasty was "glorified", including, probably, through marriages with local women. There was also an assimilation of the Varangian warriors and the Varangian part of the ruling layer in Rus'.
Further in the text of the contract is the name of a certain Sfandra, Uleb's wife. Uleb — this is Uleifr, and the name Sfandre, as already stated, is also of Scandinavian origin. Moreover, Uleb is not represented as a separate ambassador — this makes one think that by 944 he was no longer alive. Since the name Sfandra comes after the names of the family of one of Igor's nephews, one can think that Uleb was also the nephew of the Kyiv prince, and Sfandra — widow of Uleb. Who are the next then Turd (Tyrdr), Fast (Fasti) and Sfirk (Sverkir), it is difficult to say. It has been suggested that these could be the children of Uleb and Sfandra. The list of obvious relatives of the Kyiv princely dynasty is completed by another nephew of Igor "senior", apparently from his other sister — Akun (Hakon). Such is the circle of relatives of Prince Igor, presented in the treaty of 944. It is possible that other names of the persons represented by the ambassadors had a relationship (only even more distant) to the Rurik dynasty. Noteworthy is the presence among them of some Aldan and Klek. Aldan — this is Halfdanr (Halvdan), the name, as we remember, is generic for the ancestors of Rorik of Jutland. Klek — possibly Klakki or Klakkr , similar to the nickname of Harald Klak, Rorik's uncle.